https://drive.google.com/file/d/13wHV0JvysH5hjA5jyqFKT1wfnw5mJtG7/view
passive voice
2⃣ Passive with Reporting Verbs
(say, believe, think, report, expect…)
📘 Dwa sposoby:
1. Personal construction:
→ They say he is rich. → He is said to be rich.
2. Impersonal construction:
→ They say he is rich. → It is said that he is rich.
Verb Example
believe He is believed to be innocent.
expect He is expected to recover soon.
know She is known to be very smart.
Reporting verbs are verbs of saying or believing, such as
agree, announce, believe, claim, consider, expect, hope, know,
report, say, suggest, think, understand, etc. And we can usetheir passive form for distancing in two different ways. Check
the examples below:
• It is said that they are in Las Vegas.
• They are said to be in Las Vegas.
It is said that… + subject + verb
We can use the passive of a reporting verb in a sentence after
an introductory it: It + passive reporting verb + (that) + clause
(subject + verb)
• It is believed that the murderer is no longer in the
country.
• It has been announced that they are going to cancel
the tour.
• It has been suggested that the team can’t be trusted
defensively.
• It was thought the building could collapse.
Someone is said to + infinitive
When we use the passive form of a reporting verb after the real
subject of a sentence (and NOT after it), we need to use an
infinitive after the passive of the reporting verb.
Someone is said to do
When the reported action is simultaneous with the reporting,
we can use subject + passive reporting verb + to + infinitive.
• He is said to have the biggest private art collection in
the country.
• They were believed to be secretly in love.
We can also use this form to refer to the future.• She is expected to become a superstar.
Someone is said to be doing
When the reported action is in progress simultaneously with the
reporting, we can also use subject + passive reporting verb +
to be + -ing (continuous infinitive) with dynamic verbs.
• They are thought to be living under strict protection.
Someone is said to have done
When the reported action is previous to the reporting (earlier in
the past), we use subject + passive reporting verb + to have +
past participle (perfect infinitive).
• She was thought to have left the previous
week. (=she left before people thought about it)
• He is claimed to have hit another student. (=he hit
another student first, and people claimed he did it later)
✍ Ćwiczenie 2
Zamień zdania (jak w książce):
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
They believe he was working illegally.
They think he has escaped from prison.
They say she lied to the police.
They expect he’ll pass his exams.
They know she was always late for work.
(Możliwe odpowiedzi: He is believed to have been working illegally; It is thought that he has
escaped from prison; She is said to have lied to the police; He is expected to pass his exams; She is
known to have been always late for work.)
Ćwiczenie
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/passive-reporting-verbs/
https://www.baamboozle.com/game/295775
3⃣ Causative Form – Have/Get something done
📘 Użycie:
Używamy, gdy zlecamy komuś wykonanie czynności (nie robimy jej sami).
have/get + object + past participle
I cut my hair every month. —-> I have my hair cut every month.
I’m cutting my hair now. —-> I’m having my hair cut now
I cut my hair yesterday. —-> I had my hair cut yesterday
I will cut my hair tomorrow —> I will have my hair cut tomorrow
I have just cut my hair —-> I have already had my hair cut.
Czas Przykład Znaczenie
Present Simple She has her hair cut every month. (Ktoś obcina jej włosy)
Past Simple She had her car repaired
yesterday.
(Mechanik naprawił jej
auto)
Future She will have her house painted. (Zleci malowanie domu)
Present
Continuous She is having her teeth checked. (Dentysta ją właśnie bada)
🔹 Get jest bardziej potoczny:
He got his car fixed. (= He had his car fixed.)✍ Ćwiczenie 3
Ułóż zdania (na podstawie sytuacji):
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The dentist is cleaning Tom’s teeth. → Tom is having his teeth cleaned
The police are towing away his car. → He is having his car towed
She will hire someone to build a shed. → She will have a shed built
Sally gets a hairdresser to dye her hair. → She …
The mechanic repaired his car. → He had his car repaired
(Odpowiedzi: Tom is having his teeth cleaned; He is having his car towed away; She will have a
shed built; She has her hair dyed; He had his car repaired.)
4⃣ Połączenie Passive i Causative
Niektóre zdania mogą łączyć obie struktury:
• He had his wallet stolen. (= ktoś ukradł mu portfel)
• She got her phone repaired. (= ktoś naprawił jej telefon)
Have sth done exercise
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/participles/exercises?08
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